Richard Branson Essays

Richard Branson Essays Richard Branson Paper Richard Branson Paper Richard utilized administration abilities, the executives challenges, and the administration procedure, (arranging, sorting out, driving, and controlling) each day to safeguard his achievements. The board abilities comprise of three aptitudes: specialized aptitudes, human aptitudes, and applied abilities. Specialized aptitudes are the capacity to execution at assignments with skill. Human aptitudes are the capacity to cooperate with other people. A theoretical expertise is the capacity to think scientifically and take care of complex issues. Administrative competency is aptitude based capacity for elite in an administration work utilizing correspondence, collaboration, self-administration, authority, basic reasoning, and polished methodology. Brannon as fruitful in light of the fact that he comprehended the administration standards and exploited long lasting learning in all parts Of our every day experience and openings for work His association is chipping away at level and non-progressive structure which is made of groups, and given the adaptability to work freely absent a lot of obstruction (Drove 2007). These components unmistakably show that his type of initiative is of substantially more majority rule and participative nature. Position power he ends up being prevailing scholar, and for the most part settles on choice without anyone else. Brannon has solid possibility and situational initiative abilities as well. He has consistently searched for and utilizes each chance to make another organization to be feasible. He is very fit for controlling circumstances and furthermore a high daring individual. This mirrors the most command hypothesis of authority today I. E. Situational hypotheses. He follows diverse authority styles and professionals as per the circumstance. This has been one of the most significant highlights of Richard Abrasions authority (Durbin, Dahlias Miller, 2006). He likewise demonstrates the capacity to actualize changes rapidly. For instance: Virgin Cola in the Ignited States changed its technique, the executives and area of its t-drinks business tit accentuation on the topic New Age refreshments like natural product juices and caffeinated drinks, when he saw no possibility in the war against the Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola in the Cola Business (Drove 2007). His qualities and objectives are the main impetus of the entire enterprise. His way of thinking is to put his representatives first, his clients second, his financial specialists third and at long last, everybody will be upbeat. One of the manners in which he does this is through his feeling of correspondence and reasonableness by they way he treats individuals and by advancing level, non-progressive structure to maintain his organizations (Grant, 2005). Richard Brannon style of draperies is best summed up as a transformational approach (Lousier Cache, 2009). Brannon has likewise been named as a transformational pioneer for his nonconformist procedures and his weight on the Virgin Group as an association driven on familiarity and data, one that is base substantial as opposed to choked by top-level administration. Transformational authority is a style of administration that happens when pioneers expand and raise the interests of their kin, when they produce mindfulness and acknowledgment of the reasons and strategic their gathering, and when they mix their kin to crackpot past personal circumstance to benefit the gathering. The Virgin Group is an organization that gives steady and special client experience. It is fun, looks after quality, capable, makes an incentive through development, and advances social duty. Virgin is an amazing brand that is cherished by its clients and regarded by its workers. Richard Brannon imparts his own qualities into the organization to make it concentrated on marking and the client experience. They comprise of unpredictability, fun, development, responsibility to workers and clients and disdain of power and progressive system. There are more than 200 organizations under the Virgin Group, however there is a reasonable, centered message that it communicates to its clients. The Virgin Group represents an incentive for cash, quality, development, fun and a feeling Of serious test. The Virgin Group endeavors to accomplish this by engaging workers to persistently convey an incredible client experience. Brannon set up the Virgin Group to be autonomous organizations, which means when they entered a market, the organization turns into its own substance and must take care of its. Free administrators under Virgin can settle on snappy choice without endorsement from the CEO improving velocity, inoculation and lifting representative degree of the duty. Workers have a stake in their prosperity. They feel - and are urgent to their organization since they are one-in-fifty or one out of many rather than one-in-several thousands (Grant, 2005). This style of the board establishes the pace for how representatives feel functioning for Virgin, which makes this administration style a triumph for the organization. Because of the level structure of the executives that Brannon empowers, it means higher worker and consumer loyalty. The Virgin Experience is the social worth that Brannon uses o his pledge to consumer loyalty. He needs to make the most ideal client experience thus he forfeits momentary benefits for this drawn out objective. Running an effective organization brimming with high achievers and model representatives is the thing that Richard Brannon longed for. Staffing a gathering of people who regard improvement, insurance Of indigenous habitat, and security Of human rights in all parts of society, in business prompts profession inclusions. Richard Brannon gives his workers the opportunity to get inventive, to concoct their own thoughts and run with them. He especially underscored, to give an entirely different life reason to all the individuals who work in your organization. Long haul supportable happens when representatives find their own capacity. On the off chance that you can spur your kin, utilize their inventive potential, you can traverse terrible occasions and you can partake in the great occasions together. On the off chance that your representatives are upbeat and grinning and making the most of their work, they will perform well. Therefore, the clients will make the most of their involvement in your organization. There are numerous positives, however essentially, workers held duty regarding their own ventures and were not hampered by interior red gorilla and organization. Give your representatives the opportunity to get innovative, to concoct their own thoughts and run with them. Another way that Richard Brannon propels his representatives is with drive and foreknowledge. Energetic colleagues will be your best resources, so if professional success is a representatives objective, take a gander at the open doors for stretch ventures that can gave; if building specialized aptitudes is the thing that another needs, consider what kind of preparing he/she can learn at work; if work-life balance is another people center, discover what their needs are and attempt o suit them. At that point stay in contact with your workers and talk about how theyre advancing, in light of the fact that youll need to rearrange this arrangement as they achieve their objectives and pick new ones. Foreknowledge is significant in business: Dont hold up until a worker comes to you and says hes prepared to leave before you Start contemplating what his objectives are and what keeps him/her upbeat. This ought to be a piece of your recruiting choice. Before you make a possibility a proposition for employment, make certain to consider how his arrangements for his vocation fit. Try to guarantee that your staff feels enabled. As your colleagues develop into their occupations, give them genuine obligations: Theyll regard you for it and do all that they can to adapt to the situation. Richard Brannon can impart and introduce his vision towards his representatives and the partners. He imparts his energy and his eagerness to everybody. Workers are pulled in to business pioneers who are truly amped up for their business. Numerous in influential positions have an incredible enthusiasm for their work, yet will in general shroud it. He verbalizes a convincing vision for everybody. Representatives and partners feels as though they re cruising on rudderless boat when the executives neglects to impart their vision for the organization. By drawing in workers and partners in the companys vision, he made a representative and partner base which is energizing for the future and one that anticipates developing with the organization. Mr.. Brannon welcomes interest from everybody. He needs everyones information and conclusion on everything without exception. Great pioneers are acceptable audience members, yet extraordinary pioneers go above and beyond; they effectively request contribution from their workers. Richard Brannon has an Open entryway strategy wherein he needs everybody to focus on a pen and legit correspondence. Uplifting news or terrible, transparent correspondence with your workers causes them to feel esteemed. It goes far towards building a confiding in connection among workers and the board. Richard Brannon acclaims his representatives and partners who buckles down, who is meriting and he gives extraordinary criticism and his organization shows incredible accomplishment under his administration. On the off chance that, Richard Brannon offered me a supervisors position to work at the Virgin Group, would acknowledge it. Why? His administration style fits impeccably for me. I have past supervisors experience. Richard is a decent audience, he permits his directors to have input and to have open correspondence. Richard Brannon permits his chiefs to utilize the idea of development to rouse the workers to add to the organization at all levels, as opposed to simply doing what they are told. Workers can add to the bleeding edge items that the organization makes just as search for better approaches to expand the general productivity of the organization. The Virgin Group has had the option to make an administration style that urges representatives to be serious. This additionally gives individuals the longing to see the organization prevail so as to be a nourishment to a new and inventive plan of action. Transformational authority originates from the top administrators and officials inside the organization. Richard Brannon alongside other organization officials have define numerous shared objectives for the organization to a

Class Distinctio

Jane Austin scrutinizes the manner by which individuals put the significance of status to their activities, as we see the differentiation between the upper class and exchange being intertwined in her books. In her paper on Class, Juliet Master comments that, â€Å"Class contrast was obviously an unavoidable truth for Austin, and an intense perception of the fine eradications between one social level and another was an important piece of her business as an author of practical fiction† (1 15).In Pride and Prejudice, Mr. Collins educates Elizabeth to dress basically, and not to attempt to duplicate the rich clothing of her high-standing leader Lady Catherine as he says, â€Å"Lady Catherine is a long way from necessitating that style of dress in us which becomes herself and her little girl She gets a kick out of the chance to have the differentiation of rank preserved† (138). The differentiations in class are not exclusively to be available, however they additionally must be seen. In any case, Jane Austin sets moral status against economic wellbeing, and for her tutus must be earned and not inherited.In Pride and Prejudice, Elizabethan early introduction of Mr. Dairy's treatment of Victims, makes his ethical norms to be not deserving of his remaining in the public eye. Be that as it may, when she finds out about his broad obligations and goodness from his hireling, her assessment of him changes as Mrs. Reynolds says, He is the best landowner, and the best ace, that at any point; dislike the wild youngsters needlewoman's recognition offered on him by Mrs. Reynolds was no frivolous nature. What commendation is more significant than recognition of a clever worker? As a somewhat, a landowner. An ace, she thought about what number of individuals' joy were his guardianship! Ђ? How much delight or torment it was in his capacity to bestow!†¦ Every thought that had been presented by the maid was great for his character. â€Å"â€- Jane Student's c haracters continually continue helping each other to remember their social class in the public arena. Dairy values being a noble man with all the obligations and commitments that his status involves in Pride and Prejudice. Caroline Bentley likewise continues advising him that he would be bringing down himself by partner with the Bennett family s they are associated with exchange. What she overlooks is that the wellspring of their family fortune on which their status is established is trade.Emma is a rich lady who wouldn't like to connect with the white collar class in Emma. Janet Todd contends that, â€Å"Emma needs Highborn to stay as practically primitive, writing material through time, with the goal that she will consistently be ‘paramount'. † (96) This proposes social class is essential to her and this depicts the life of the nobles in Student's day who were against change. Jane Austin addresses exactly what it is that makes a genuine men of their word or a woman. S ocial ann. must be a piece of it yet interrupting by the case of Lady Catherine. Her tyrannical predominance and feeling of her own poise is apparent in all she says and does.Her obvious power and option to control individuals' lives is clear when she goes up against Elizabeth about her reputed commitment to Mr. Dairy as she says, â€Å"your union will be a disfavor; your name will never at any point be referenced by any of us† (186). Clearly as a result of her status, she feels that she can treat others the manner in which she needs. She believes that Elizabeth isn't fit to wed Mr. Dairy since they do to have a place with a similar social, class however her girl does. In light of her showdown, Elizabeth reveals to Lady Catherine that â€Å"Dairy is a noble man; am a courteous fellow's little girl; so far We are equal† (186).However, Elizabeth isn't deterred by Lady Catering's dangers and status. Juliet Macerates comments that, â€Å"so much recommends that for Austin there is nothing divine about royalâ ¶y', and very little that is extraordinary about friends. Truth be told characters with tittles †or ‘handles to their names' as the Victorians used to state †are only here and there praiseworthy in the novels† (1 16). Despite the fact that Lady Catherine holds a title, she is ethically and mentally not commendable. It is just any semblance of Mr. Collins who need to scale the social stepping stool who surrender to her every impulse, as she appreciates Mr. Crash's bootlicking and his excitement to give it.In an endeavor to stay in her great books and to stay with the of any semblance of Lady Catherine, Mr. Collins even knows what number of windows Risings domain has. He uncovers his pomposity in uncommon indulgent talks and heavy endeavors at basic show of manners. Despite the fact that Lady Catherine thought of herself as Ewing unrivaled, her preferences are hostile and bombastic. This is on the grounds that she needs natu ral knowledge and reproducing. Her perspectives and conduct offer a lighting up complexity to Mr. Dairy. Who doesn't wish to flaunt like other youngsters in his shoes.However, similar to his counterparts, he detests the lower social class. This becomes apparent when he advices Mr. Bentley to cut off his association with Jane. At the point when Elizabeth charges him that he had not acted in a respectable man like way, he understands how â€Å"selfish and tyrannical' he has been. Through Elizabethan inciting, he discovers that while status is significant, genuine reproducing isn't subject to rank. Here Jane Austin needs us to pragmatist that, despite the fact that the upper class are from a higher class they are not quite the same as different classes. It isn't prevalence that makes one a Lady or a courteous fellows however it is compassion.In Emma, Mr. Noble is a genuine courteous fellows since he doesn't value his position. Not at all like different status-cognizant individuals of his position, he strolls as opposed to riding in his carriage. His carriage is just used to ship Miss Bates and Jane Fairfax. He deals with his own home and he doesn't look downward on others as we e him in talking with his inhabitant Robert Martin. Interestingly in Sense and Sensibility, Mr. Dashboard, is inadequate of the commitment that makes great caretakers and moral nobles of Mr. Dairy and Mr. Knightly.Through class qualification, Jane Austin additionally causes to notice the injustice of primogeniture, which unjustifiably benefits one relative to acquired the entire domain, rather than separating it similarly between kin as would be the typical activity today. This permitted the principal conceived child to acquire everything while others stayed with nothing. This was done as such as to safeguard the state and the family name, supposing that the domain was to be partitioned then it would in the long run arrive at an end.In Pride and Prejudice, the Bennett young ladies are to be turned out of Longhorn at the passing oftener father, in light of the fact that the home must be acquired by a male connection who will keep it the family. Likewise in Sense and Sensibility, the Dashboard young ladies are made destitute on the grounds that the old men of their word Mr. Dashboard needs the family home to go to a male beneficiary who will give it to his children. This at that point renders the female kin to be mediocre compared to their male kin as Juliet Master contends, â€Å"one may assume that the filings in a solitary family would be nearly by meaning of the equivalent rank.But even here there are checked contrasts in status, among children and little girls , as well as between one child and another' (119). Not exclusively does Jane Austin denounce the shamefulness of the legacy framework, however she additionally communicates dissatisfaction with the noteworthy distinction in renown between senior girls and more youthful little girls. In Pride and Prejudice, we see Elizabeth saying, â€Å"l figure it will be had extremely hard upon more youthful sisters, that they ought not have a lot of society and entertainment on the grounds that the senior ay not have means or tendency to wed early.The last conceived has as great a privilege to the delights Of youth as the first†¦.. During Jane Student's time, the oldest little girl was more lofty than her more youthful sisters. Jane is called Miss â€Å"Bennett† while her sisters are tended to by their first names. The more youthful little girls couldn't be out in the public arena before the oldest. While if the more youthful sister got hitched before the oldest, she additionally picked up predominance over her senior sisters as we see Lydia saying to her oldest sister Jane, â€Å"ah!

Careers in Clinical Psychology

Careers in Clinical Psychology Student Resources Careers Print Careers in Clinical Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on October 12, 2019 Carmen MartA-nez BanAs / Getty Images More in Student Resources Careers APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Clinical psychology is concerned with the assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders. While professionals in this field often work in medical settings, clinical psychologists are not medical doctors and do not prescribe medications in most states. Clinical psychology also represents the single largest subfield of psychologists. While all clinical psychologists are interested in mental health, there are actually a wide variety of sub-specialties within this field. Some of these specialty areas include child mental health, adult mental health, learning disabilities, emotional disturbances, substance abuse, geriatrics, and health psychology. What Clinical Psychologists Do Clinical psychologists often work in hospitals, private practice, or academic settings. Clinicians are trained in a range of techniques and theoretical approaches. Some specialize in treating certain psychological disorders while others work with clients suffering from a wide variety of problems. Clinical psychologists also treat psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and depression. In addition to working with clients, clinical psychologists have to keep detailed records of client assessment, diagnosis, therapeutic goals, and treatment notes. These records help clinicians and clients track progress and are often needed for billing and insurance purposes. Salary As of May 2018, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that the mean annual salary for clinical psychologists was $85,340. Learn more about the typical salaries for clinical psychologists. The U. S. Department of Labor’s Occupational Outlook Handbook reports that employment in psychology is expected to grow faster than the average. The rising need for qualified mental health care professionals will contribute to a demand for clinical psychologists. A 2012 CNN Money report suggested that the median annual salary for experienced clinical psychologists was $83,500 and that the top pay for professionals in this field was $169,000. The report ranked clinical psychology as #55 on their list of Best Jobs in America, and indicated that there were currently nearly 154,300 jobs in clinical psychology with a projected growth of 21.9 percent through the year 2022. Quality of life ratings offered by clinicians gave the career top marks in terms of personal satisfaction and benefit to society. However, it ranked more stressful than some other professions. Degree Options While some individuals find work with a master’s degree, most positions require a doctoral degree in clinical psychology. Some graduate programs accept applicants with undergraduate degrees in other disciplines, but most encourage students to get a bachelor’s degree in psychology before pursuing graduate study in clinical psychology. There are two major training models for doctoral degrees. The traditional Ph.D. in Psychology (or Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology) emphasizes the role of the research and science. The Psy.D. degree (Doctor of Psychology) is primarily focused on clinical and practitioner work. Psy.D. programs are attractive to many students because they typically take a year less time to complete than a Ph.D. On the other hand, Ph.D. programs tend to provide better funding for graduate students. Is a Career in Clinical Psychology Right for You? Clinical psychologists need to have excellent communication skills. It is also important to be creative when developing treatment plans and approaches. Benefits Helping people overcome problems can be extremely rewarding. Differing client needs and challenges allow clinicians to search for creative solutions. Opportunities for self-employment. Downsides Insurance companies require that clinicians keep extensive client records, so there is a considerable amount of paperwork. There is a risk of burnout due to the demanding nature of therapy. Clinical psychologists often work long hours with clients who can be demanding, argumentative, or unstable. Before you decide on a career in clinical psychology, contact local human services providers about volunteer opportunities that may be available. Clinical psychology can be both a demanding and deeply rewarding field and volunteer experiences can help you decide if a career in clinical psychology is right for you.

New Rehab Programs Should Be Introduced - 1420 Words

Since the start of the Drug War, which was the motion to use more policing in order to end the illicit drug market, the amount of arrests have increased for drug possession. Rehab programs in state and federal prisons have helped people overcome their addiction and relapse. The same way that King Leonidas in the graphic novel, 300, went about his Spartan initiation, it portrays the way a drug addict tries to overcome their addiction. By continuing to arrest people for substance abuse, it makes it harder for someone in need of help to receive it. Therefore new rehab programs should be introduced to help addiction. This helps reduce the amount of people whose lives are ruined because a drug possession charge. Drug possessions arrests have always been abundant in the fight to end the drug trade in the United States. According to FBI data gathered by DrugWar Facts.org , of the 1,561,231 arrests for drug law violations in 2014, 83.1% (1,297,384) were for possession of a controlled substa nce [and of that 83.1% , 39.7% was for Marijuana, 21.5% for non narcotic drugs and 17% for Heroin and/or Cocaine.] Only 16.9% (263,848) were for the sale or manufacturing of a drug [in the United States].(Drug War Facts) The number of arrests have been constant for the past four years an shows the amount of effort going into drug possession arrests. Due to this alarming number of arrests per year for possession of a controlled substance, society tends to look down on people who use theShow MoreRelatedThe Harriet Tubman Woman s Shelter Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pagesoften in a congregate setting. This type of program is provided, on a first come, first served basis, to any adult presenting as homeless. It is sometimes also referred to as emergency shelter† (Interagency Council on Homelessness District of Columbia, 2010, p.4) For all shelters in the Washington, DC area the women are to be out of the shelter from the time of 7am until the doors open again at 7pm. For those wom en who are not a part of the work program or have nothing to do during the day, the womenRead MoreRehabilitation vs Incarceration1515 Words   |  7 Pagesthere is a larger chance of failure. Rehabilitation programs are a viable option for some offenders and judges alike. There are courts in this country that do not consider first-time, or even second- time offenders on the same level of criminal as a more violent offender. As a result of this, first time offenders can receive a short jail sentence, usually the minimum, and are released into the same environment they left without any new skills; dealing only with the crime that was committed andRead MoreThe State of Technology in Universities1338 Words   |  6 PagesOver the past decade, there have been numerous strides in technological fields and a growing need to integrate technology into our daily lives. Larger organizations like corporations and universities continually search for new technology to upgrade their infrastructure and computers. In universities, nearly every student has at least one internet connected device. This, and other hardware needs such as servers for storing grades and documents, cause univers ities to spend over $6.94 billion on hardwareRead MoreThe Wheelchair Market Through M. Porters The Five Forces That Shape Competitive Strategy1201 Words   |  5 Pagesrelatively small in U.S. market. However, within a short period American manufacturers became trendsetters comparing to European companies, which usually presented new technologies years after they were implemented in the United States (pg.1). In 1993 approximate sales were about $400 million. With the Medicare participation in reimbursement program and recognition of lightweight model as a distinct standard, the growth rate was expected to increase about 5% -15%. To deeper analyze the attractiveness ofRead MoreThe Wheelchair Market Through M. Porter s The Five Forces That Shape Competitive Strategy1219 Words   |  5 Pagessmall in U.S. market. However, within a short period American manufacturers became trendsetters comparing to European companies, which usually presented new technologies years after they were imp lemented in the United States (pg.1). In 1993 industry’s approximate sales were about $400 million. With the Medicare participation in reimbursement program and recognition of lightweight model as a distinct standard, the growth rate was expected to increase about 5% -15%. (pg.2). In order analyze the attractivenessRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Inside Rikers 1101 Words   |  5 Pagespersuasions of the criminal lifestyle itself. The first chapter is Welcome to the Rock, where Wynn introduces the narratives of Angel, Kenny, Charlie, Alfonso, and Benjamin. Chapter two is titled, From the Belly of the Beast to New York Streets where both Frank and Mike are introduced here. In Chapter Three, the Captain and Harry tell the stories of Keepers Of The Kept, Convicted At Birth with Rico, Napoleon, Hilton, and James in Chapter 4. What I found to be interesting is that she goes into the formerRead MoreAssignment : Leading A Team Into Change Essay1871 Words   |  8 Pages 1 Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Body Rehabilitation Facility Set-up 3 Stakeholders to Consult Before Developing the Team 3 Type of Team to Build 4 Required Qualities for the New Staff 4 Ensuring Team Effectiveness 5 Conclusion 6 Reference 7 INTRODUCTION: Fluidity seems to be the demand of any business sectors nowadays-from education, to enterprises, information technology and to healthcareRead MoreAMT Task 31827 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ AMT Task 3 Cassandra Davenport ID:000366484 Program: MBA, Healthcare Management, 2/1/14 Mentor: Rusty Lynch 931-580-9182 Chapel Hill, TN Central Time Zone cdaven5@wgu.edu Current National Healthcare Trends and Policy Initiatives Affecting Healthcare Healthcare is in a constant state of change with movements that impact rates, access and quality of care. Hospitals have become more competitive due to the rising cost of care delivery and the reduction in reimbursement from payersRead MoreNarrative on Addiction808 Words   |  4 Pagesassaulted at the age of twelve, I started to self-destruct. Lack of parental support, less than pristine living conditions, and an addictive personality paved an expressway to a life of addiction. I chose to hang with undesirable people, and was introduced to Marijuana, LSD, Ecstasy, PCP, Cocaine, Heroin and eventually what became the love of my life, the prescription painkiller Morphine. Never did I think that trying pot would have a domino effect. It led me to try harder and more addictive substancesRead MoreThe Problem Of Heroin Usage1156 Words   |  5 PagesWe all know someone who has suffered from an addiction, whether it be a family member, a classmate, a peer, or a friend of a friend. What is the best way of preventing theses addictions from going too far though? Doctors prescribing medicine, rehab and other sober facilities, parental involvement, or for extreme cases, drugs that will reverse the effects of the addict’s usage? Heroin Usage has become a huge problem through our country and our communities in the past decade. Approximately 13.5

Essay about Othello Iagos Soliloquies and Intentions

Iago’s Soliloquies and Intentions In every play there is at least one character that jumps of the page and begs for your attention. In The Tragedy of Othello by William Shakespeare this character is Iago. Iago is a devious man, liar, manipulator, and psychopath. It seems as though in the world of Shakespeare there is always consent power struggles throughout almost all his plays (list several examples) However, to me the most interesting of all of these, is in the play Othello. Where Iago seeks revenge on an unknowing Othello. Iago Othello’s trusted ensign betrays him in the most deceitful ways. One would conclude that Iago would have motive behind his ruthless and elaborate plans. My theory is that Iago had committed these moral†¦show more content†¦He uses his language and he self-awareness to create a false perception of himself, one he wishes others to believe. Othello often takes Iago’s words with great face, often referring to him as loyal and honest. It is Othello who is the fooled by th is perception pronouncing him â€Å" Honest Iago†. Iago seems to know how he should act in society, what the proper rules and protocols are however he disobeys them without hesitation. He has a wife Emilia, and although to me it seems that he doesn’t care for her why does he keep her around, perhaps to blend in with the others, as to not drawl attention to himself. In Iago’s first soliloquy he reveals bits of his plans, and motives behind them. Iago confesses that he plans to destroy Othello â€Å" but for my sport and profit. I hate the Moor†. Declaring his hate for Othello his plots against him for fun and for his own personal gain. He later gives the excuse that Othello may have slept with his wife Emilia â€Å"and it is thought abroad that ’twixt my sheets h’as done my office†, but this seems hard to believe because it doesn’t seem to bother him all that much. He doesn’t even bother to find out if this claim is even true or not. This is where we really get to see Iago’s ingenious, he decides to kill to birds with one stone â€Å"In double knavery† his victims are Othello and Cassio. He states that he will plant seeds ofShow MoreRelatedWhat Do Iagos Two Soliloquies Tell Us (the Audience) About His Motives and Character?680 Words   |  3 PagesIagos intentions and motives for the malicious and evil acts he performs can be fully realized when he reads his soliloquies to the audience. It gives Iago the chance to be completely honest for once and provides the irony when the audience knows Iagos plans but the other characters are unaware and call him ‘Honest Iago. In Iagos soliloquy in Act 1 Scene 3, Iago exclaims I hate the Moor; he repeats this sentence many times during the first act of the play. The reasons for his hatred areRead MoreOthello By William Shakespeare s Othello Essay1230 Words   |  5 Pages Previously, in Act 3.4, Othello begins to suspect Desdemona’s loyalty, as he continuously asks Desdemona for the handkerchief, yet she keeps on changing the topic. In Act 4.1, Iago continues to convince Othello of Desdemona’s faithfulness. In Act 3.4, Othello defended Desdemona when Iago accused her; but in Act 4.1, their position is switched. Othello becomes more aware of what Iago is saying and the anger that he has towards Iago has significantly reduced, while he begins to doubt Desdemona.Read MoreIagos Soliloquy Analysis Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pages Soliloquies play a vital role in William Shakespeare’s works. One of the most important examples of soliloquy use by a character was provided by Iago throughou t the play, Othello. A soliloquy is side speech given by a character that is directed to the audience; it most often used to reveal emotions or thoughts of a character in a play. Iago’s use of soliloquies are very unique and stand out from any other character. They constantly change the audiences opinion of him. Each of Iago’s eleven soliloquiesRead MoreOthello Character Analysis1678 Words   |  7 Pagesmasterpieces and tragedies such as Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, King Lear and Romeo and Juliet caused a remarkable turning point in English literature as whole, and English drama in particular.His play Othellois one of his unforgettable tragedies. The play of Othello is the finest example of Shakespeare’s poetic and narrative style. Thus, Shakespeare is known as the most influential dramatist whose tragedies found the way to interact with the audience.Shakespeare’s Othello is about jealousy, revenge and deceptionRead MoreHow Does Shakespeare Use Language an d Dramatic Devices to Present the Theme of Jealousy in Othello?1497 Words   |  6 PagesHow does Shakespeare use language and dramatic devices to present the theme of jealousy in Othello? ----- Othello weaves a tragic tale of love, jealousy and murder. Set in Venice and progressing to Cyprus, Shakespeare’s Othello follows the cursed path of its namesake, a black soldier whose love for his wife ultimately results in her death. Woven into the socially and emotionally delicate plot is a multitude of key themes, including race (Othello’s colour), love, and jealousy. A key figure, if notRead MoreAnalysis of Act One of Othello by William Shakespeare Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Act One of Othello by William Shakespeare Act 1 is an exceptionally indicative passage of writing in which Shakespeare attempts to divulge the coarse essence of Iagos nature to the audience. Indeed, by the conclusion of line 66 the audience not only understands - in broad terms - Iagos motives and grievances, but also something of the manner in which he intends to consummate Read MoreIagos Soliloquies in Wiliam Shakespeares Othello Essay471 Words   |  2 PagesIagos Soliloquies in Wiliam Shakespeares Othello Through soliloquies in the play, Iago shares his plans and thoughts with the audience. Its through this method that the audience discovers his intentions and motives for his actions. Until the third act there are 3 soliloquies and in each one he shares his thoughts and lets the audience some where into his mind. Critics have suggested that through this confidence he shares with the audience, they become his accomplicesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello And The Existence Of Power1110 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare displays the presence of power in his work of Othello wielded by his mastermind of a character, Iago. Throughout Shakespeare’s play, the existence of power results in a tragedy for the characters of Othello. The play involves themes of jealousy, racism, hate and judgment that all relate to one having power over others. Knowing that Cassio had been promoted to the rank of lieutenant over Iago himself, he seeks to exact revenge on Othello for overlooking his capabilities to be promoted andRead MoreIago in Shakespeares Othello Essay1381 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeares Othello is a remarkable tale of trust, deceitfulness, lust and the most destructive of human emotions: vengeance and hatred. Iago better known as Othellos antagonist embodies vengeance and hatred to move an agenda to squash all who oppose Iagos plans. As defined by Merrium-Webster the definition of a protagonist is a principal character in a literary work or a leading actor, character, or participant in a literary work. Othello by Shakespeare is a play about Othello an example ofRead MoreShakespeare Movie vs Play712 Words   |  3 PagesShakespeares Othello: Movie (Oliver parker 1995) Vs. Play Oliver parkers Othello came out in 1995 with Laurence Fishburne as Othello this is also the first time Othello was played by a coloured actor, Kenneth Branagh as Iago and Irene Jacob as Desdemona. Parker kept the original plot and language intact, however the movie seemed to give Othello life through visual and audio aids. Parkers Othello enables the viewer to associate on a personal level and compliments to the anticipation and imagination

The Beattles Free Essays

In June of 1956, John Lennon met Paul McCartney for the first time. Nobody ever dreamed that John and Paul would have the success that they had. John Lennon and Paul McCartney along with George Harrison and Richard Starkey (Ringo Starr) became known as the greatest and the most influential rock musicians in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on The Beattles or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Beatles, whose music has been played by prestigious symphonies around the world and has been sung by renowned singers such as Frank Sinatra and Tony Bennett, were a vibrant moving force of the 1960’s; they permanently changed the course of music and soundly influenced the lives of future generations. To get an idea of how much the Beatles helped shape the following generations’ lifestyles, one must look at the lifestyle and the music before the Beatles. The music the Beatles played, â€Å"Rock and Roll,† had already established itself as a popular form of music to American teenagers. Derived from the black’s â€Å"Rhythm and Blues,† rock and roll was made popular by performers such as Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley, and Bill Haley. Though rock and roll had been around for about ten years before the Beatles became famous, it was still a relatively new form of music that had plenty of potential. The Beatles were elevated from obscurity by utilizing the music’s potential. The lifestyle of the fifties was slowly changing. The American public was beginning to accept the possibility of a â€Å"working class hero†. Films such as â€Å"Saturday Night and Sunday Morning† and â€Å"The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner,† which portrayed working class protagonists, became overnight successes. The Beatles, who were definitely working class, were the ultimate rags to riches story. As the fifties drew to a close, the Beatles were on a path that forever changed history. The Beatles’ success was not immediate. In 1960 the Beatles, who consisted of John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, Stuart Sutcliffe (guitarist), and Pete Best (drummer), made their first trip to Hamburg, Germany. Although the trip wasn’t a success, the second trip to Hamburg as a backing group to Tony Sheridan was more successful. The Beatles returned home in June of 1961 and found that more and more people would come to see their performances. Though popular and drawing large audiences, the Beatles were refused by Decca, Pye, Columbia, HMV, and EMI, all prominent recording companies. The emergence of the Beatles’ popularity can be traced to the help of two people: the determination of Brian Epstein, their manager, and the foresight of George Martin, their producer. Brian Epstein, a record store owner, was a novice at the manager business. Through his raw determination, he was able to meet up with George Martin. George knew the record business, and he pulled some strings to let the Beatles record. Their first release, â€Å"Love Me Do,† only reached the number seventeen position on the charts; however, that was the start of an illustrated career for John, Paul, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr, who replaced Pete Best as drummer in August of 1962. Beatlemania was the term that described the hysteria resulting from the Beatles’ rise. The Beatles were breaking attendance records all over Europe. Following every performance were reports of girls that had become injured in their attempts just to see the boys. By the end of 1963, the Beatles had five songs that had reached number one in Britain. Looking for new directions to expand, the Beatles looked across the ocean to America. When the Beatles touched down in New York in February 1964, they knew they had come to the right place as ten thousand screaming fans fought to see them. During the Beatles stay in Manhattan, at least a dozen girls were injured trying to catch sight of the boys. During their concerts, there was so much noise that the audience drowned out the performers. Any movement by an individual Beatle would cause added screaming by rows and rows of young females. This kind of reaction would plague the group at any performance they did. The Beatles popularity became the point of many debates. At one point in August 1966, John claimed that the Beatles were even more popular than Jesus. Though he apologized for it later, he was correct in analyzing their popularity. It seemed as if anything the Beatles said or did would affect the whole society. One major effect that they had on society was the drug influence of their music. Taking drugs became the â€Å"in† thing to do. The press went into an uproar when they found out the initials to the Beatles’ â€Å"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds† was LSD, a popular but addicting drug. Another song, â€Å"Day in the Life,† was banned by the BBC and some United States radio stations because of alleged drug allusions. Drugs were becoming a way of life for many teenagers. In late 1966, the Beatles decided that they would do no more concerts. Many thought that this would lead to a drop in their popularity. The media was soon proved wrong when their next album, â€Å"Sergeant Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band,† became an instant hit. Anything the Beatles touched turned to gold. John Lennon’s first book, In His Own Write, was a million seller. The Beatles could do nothing that wouldn’t sell. As time went on, however, the Beatles began to pursue their own individual tastes. When Brian Epstein committed suicide in August of 1967, the Beatles began their long decline. The Beatles began to rot from within. The TV film, â€Å"Magical Mystery Tour,† was a complete failure. George Harrison took studying in India very seriously. John’s marriage to Cynthia broke down, and he began to see Yoko Ono. All four started to do musical work without the other three. They were having serious financial trouble with their own recording company, Apple Records. By 1969, the Beatles were in deep trouble. It came as only a mild surprise to most people when Paul McCartney decided to quit the group in April of 1970. Paul claimed personal differences existed with John and with Allen Klein, their financial advisor. Though at first the split was claimed as temporary, the world began to understand that the Beatles would never exist anymore. When asked just what he was going to do now that he was breaking from the group, he replied: â€Å"My only plan is to grow up. † By 1970 though, the Beatles had already made a huge impact on society. A revolutionary group responsible for bombing three business buildings called themselves â€Å"Revolutionary Force 9† which was derived from â€Å"Revolution Number 9,† an eight-minute collage of noises from the Beatles’ White Album. Another influence was in the youth churches where a yellow submarine was made a symbol of love. The yellow submarine, from a movie and a song of that name, was described as a ‘a place where they loved each other in a groovy way and got strength to do battle with the Blue Meanies. It also shows that a church has to have flexibility and maneuverability. ’ Though the Beatles were gone, their influence remained. The Beatles have influenced people in ways never dreamed of. Their music was even blamed for the Charles Manson murders in Southern California. Their style of music changed the way the music industry had worked; most groups now perform their own original material, which was very uncommon in the late fifties and early sixties. The Beatles’ constant preaching of love has changed a whole generation’s thinking, and may have helped to bring an end to the Vietnam War. Their drug taking and radical approach to life has caused some people to take the Beatles’ philosophy wrongly and to think that some terrorist activity was acceptable. Others have taken what the Beatles said as gospel and formed new religions. However people reacted to the Beatles didn’t matter; it was just significant that people were reacting, and therefore were being influenced in some manner by the Beatles. The Beatles, the greatest rock band ever to exist, does not record as a group anymore, but their influences will continue for years as the youth of each generation listens to the music that changed the world. â€Å"Hey Jude† â€Å"Hey Jude† is such a monumental favorite, I am almost dissuaded from touching it because of the pressure to say something profound. It is such a good illustration of two compositional lessons: how to fill a time with simple means, and how to use diverse elements such as harmony and orchestration to articulate form and contrast. I think that the fact that the song was written by Paul McCartney to Julian Lennon during the breakup of John and Julia’s mom, Cynthia, adds a new dimension to the appreciation of it but, as have been observed with respect to the fact of John’s having written â€Å"Julia† in honor of his own mother, the effect that each song has upon someone would be hardly diminished if for some reason were to remain oblivious to the biographical background of either. For me, the main message here is to be found in the first half, the imperative to now pursue one’s destined love the minute either you have found him/her, or he/she has found you. I do believe that once you internalize that much, the transcendent, blissful joy of the second half falls right into place. â€Å"Yesterday† This song is so well established in the pop-cultural subconscious that it is difficult to relate to it objectively, no less say something new and insightful about it. As is often the case with the over-exposed war horses of any artsy genre, whether or not you like this song, there is some good reason why it became so over-exposed in the first place. It is a fine piece of work with something going for it in virtually every detail. By the same token, one should not be fooled by whatever unique and interesting factors surrounding the song’s history and production into thinking of it as more unique and different than it is. Especially if you can step around the self-pitying lyrics for a moment (Paul possibly taking a lesson from George, for a change) you will find this song to actually lie along the same compositional and moody lines of the other hymn or anthem-like ballads which so vividly characterize some of Paul’s highest achievements. Love Me Do† Granted, by itself, â€Å"Love Me Do† is hardly the blockbuster of which legendary careers are made. In fact, it is tempting at first blush to dismiss this one as too simple and even unappealing. After all, we have what must be very nearly the skimpiest Lennon/McCartney lyric ever, but just beneath the surface, you find not also that certain bristling intensity in their voices, but also a great deal of stylistically prophetic, especially i n regards to the phrasing, the vocal harmonies, and the modal melody. The most intriguing aspect to this intuitive innovation of the early Beatles is the question of how much of it was motivated by intentional originality and how much a by-product of less-than-entirely-adept emulation of their derivative influences. It is quite a serious question, the answer to which has nothing to do with the relative merit of the final product itself. How to cite The Beattles, Papers

Theme Of Healing In Beloved Essay Example For Students

Theme Of Healing In Beloved Essay Healing in Beloved The theme of â€Å"healing† is ever present in the novel, Beloved by Toni Morrison. Many forms of â€Å"healing† take place, with many different characters undergoing the â€Å"healing† process. These forms of â€Å"healing† range from healing personal conflicts from within, to healing as a community, and by overcoming individual prejudices. I feel that the overcoming of individual prejudices is one of the most important aspects of this novel. Throughout the story, Sethe (the main character) has many encounters with a variety of people. These encounters leave a definite impression on her, hich is why I think that Sethe does the most â€Å"healing,† both from within and by overcoming her own prejudices. The meeting of Sethe and Amy Denver is the focal point of Sethes â€Å"healing. † This takes place when Sethe (being pregnant) is a slave on the run and goes into labor. She meets Amy Denver, an indentured servant who is leaving to Boston. At first, Amy doesnt seem that she wants to help Sethe because of her skin color, while Sethe isnt too trusting of Amys white skin. Sethe later states, â€Å"You dont know how theyll jump. Say one thing do another†(Morrison 77). This kind of distrust is present in Sethe when she tells Amy that her name is â€Å"Lu. † The combination of Amys nonchalant attitude, and Sethes distrust displays the prejudices of society at the time. As Sethe and Amy converse, Sethe realizes that Amy is unlike any other white person she has ever met. After Amy tells Sethe about her situation, and that she was also beaten by her â€Å"employer,† Sethe realizes that not all whites were the slave owners, but in fact some were indentured servants. Amy then begins to massage Sethes swollen feet, and says, â€Å"More it hurt, more better it is. Cant nothing heal without pain, you know† (Morrison 78). I think that at that point Sethe begins build trust towards trust Amy. Amy then goes and finds spiderwebs to heal Sethes bleeding back, which displays Amy showing a little compassion and trust towards Sethe. As Amy again massages Sethes feet, the reader begins to feel like they are no longer just black and white, but actual people that have feelings. I think that Morrison wants the reader to get this feeling that people are people and not property. I feel Amy agrees with this, but at the same time the prejudices in the ociety that she has grown up in makes her say things like, â€Å"She dont know nothing, just like you. You dont know a thing† (Morrison 80). Another example of how prejudices are intertwined with society, is the constant use of Sethe calling Amy â€Å"miss† throughout the passage. This relays a sort of cultural boundary, the fact that Amy can call Sethe by her first name but Sethe resorts to acting formally towards her. The actual delivery of Sethes child is the climax to the â€Å"healing† of Sethes own prejudices. Amy helps Sethe deliver the baby and with no hesitation, â€Å"Push! † screamed Amy (Morrison 84). Amy no longer thinks of herself as being different from Sethe, which overcomes some of her own prejudices. At that point, Amy just sees Sethe as a person who needs help and not a runaway slave that should be left alone. The line, â€Å"A pateroller passing would have sniggered to see two throw-away people, two lawless outlaws–a slave and a barefoot whitewoman with unpinned hair–wrapping a ten-minute-old baby in the rags they wore†(Morrison 84-85), better illustrates the bonding that has taken place. The conclusion to this incident was the naming of Sethes child, which was aptly named, Denver. .ud01f2e5f82fb2e6fc0a94f382bffb3ad , .ud01f2e5f82fb2e6fc0a94f382bffb3ad .postImageUrl , .ud01f2e5f82fb2e6fc0a94f382bffb3ad .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud01f2e5f82fb2e6fc0a94f382bffb3ad , .ud01f2e5f82fb2e6fc0a94f382bffb3ad:hover , .ud01f2e5f82fb2e6fc0a94f382bffb3ad:visited , .ud01f2e5f82fb2e6fc0a94f382bffb3ad:active { border:0!important; } .ud01f2e5f82fb2e6fc0a94f382bffb3ad .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud01f2e5f82fb2e6fc0a94f382bffb3ad { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud01f2e5f82fb2e6fc0a94f382bffb3ad:active , .ud01f2e5f82fb2e6fc0a94f382bffb3ad:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud01f2e5f82fb2e6fc0a94f382bffb3ad .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud01f2e5f82fb2e6fc0a94f382bffb3ad .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud01f2e5f82fb2e6fc0a94f382bffb3ad .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud01f2e5f82fb2e6fc0a94f382bffb3ad .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud01f2e5f82fb2e6fc0a94f382bffb3ad:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud01f2e5f82fb2e6fc0a94f382bffb3ad .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud01f2e5f82fb2e6fc0a94f382bffb3ad .ud01f2e5f82fb2e6fc0a94f382bffb3ad-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud01f2e5f82fb2e6fc0a94f382bffb3ad:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Great Gatsby And Dream Downfall EssayFor Sethe to name her own daughter, (after killing her first because she didnt want her to grow up into slavery) after a whitewoman was a sign of â€Å"healing† that had taken place during that night. Sethe would now have a different opinion about white people, not to say that it would be that much different, but it definitely had changed it. In this novel Beloved, we see the â€Å"healing† that takes place within the individual. It is not a physical type of healing, but more of a psychological healing. This change, or healing may look insignificant, but to the individual (in this case Sethe) they have a new outlook on hin gs. They have overcome a certain barrier and now can function in a new way of thinking. From that point on Sethe doesnt see all white people as devils, nor does she trust all of them, but by having Amy Denver help deliver her baby and thus bonding, she knows that there are many different people with different ways of behaving. I think that there are many other types of â€Å"healing† that occur in this novel, but I feel that if Sethe and Amy can overcome their own personal prejudices from a chance meeting, then this would be the most significant â€Å"healing† in this novel.

Critical Theories of Bodies, Genders, Sexualities and Identities

Weapons and Arrest Authority of U.S. Federal Agencies

Weapons and Arrest Authority of U.S. Federal Agencies More than a few eyebrows were raised in 2010 when the U.S. Department of Agriculture bought 85 fully automatic submachine guns. However, the USDAÂ  is just one of 73 federal government agencies employing full-time law enforcement officers who are authorized to carry firearms and make arrests in the United States. Brief Overview According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics latest (2008) Census of Federal Law Enforcement Officers, the combined federal government agencies employ about 120,000 full-time law enforcement officers who are authorized to carry firearms and make arrests. That is roughly the equivalent of 40 officers per 100,000 U.S. residents. By comparison, there is one member of the U.S. Congress per 700,000 residents. Federal Law Enforcement Officers are authorized by law to perform four specific functions: conduct criminal investigations, execute search warrants, make arrests, and carry firearms.From 2004 to 2008, the number of federal law enforcement officers with arrest and firearms authority grew by 14% or about 15,000 officers. The federal agencies also employ nearly 1,600 officers in the U.S. territories, primarily in Puerto Rico. The Census of Federal Law Enforcement Officers does not include data on officers in the U.S. Armed Forces, or the Central Intelligence Agency and the Transportation Security Administrations Federal Air Marshals Service, due to national security restrictions.The number of Federal Law Enforcement Officers has increased rapidly in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Since the 9/11/2001 attacks, the ranks of Federal Law Enforcement Officers grew from about 88,000 in 2000, to about 120,000 in 2008. Front Line Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Excluding 33 Offices of Inspectors General, 24 federal agencies each employed more than 250 full-time personnel with firearm and arrest authority in 2008. Indeed, law enforcement is the main function of most of these agencies. Few people would be surprised to see field agents of the Border Patrol, FBI, U.S. Marshals Service or the Secret Service carrying guns and making arrests. The complete list includes: U.S. Customs and Border Protection (36,863 officers)Federal Bureau of Prisons (16,835)Federal Bureau of Investigation (12,760)U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (12,446)U.S. Secret Service (5,213)Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts (4,696)Drug Enforcement Administration (4,308)U.S. Marshals Service (3,313)Veterans Health Administration (3,128)Internal Revenue Service, Criminal Investigation (2,636)Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (2,541)U.S. Postal Inspection Service (2,288)U.S. Capitol Police (1,637)National Park Service - Rangers (1,404)Bureau of Diplomatic Security (1,049)Pentagon Force Protection Agency (725)U.S. Forest Service (644)U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (598)National Park Service - U.S. Park Police (547)National Nuclear Security Administration (363)U.S. Mint Police (316)Amtrak Police (305)Bureau of Indian Affairs (277)Bureau of Land Management (255) From 2004 to 2008, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) added more than 9,000 officers, the largest increase at any federal agency. A majority of the CBP increase occurred in the Border Patrol, which added more than 6,400 officers during the 4-year period.Officers of the Veterans Health Administration need arrest and firearms authority because they provide law enforcement and protective services for over 150 VA medical centers located nationwide.At the Cabinet department level, component agencies of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), including U.S. Customs and Border Protection, employed about 55,000 officers or 46% of all federal officers with arrest and firearms authority in 2008. Agencies of the Department of Justice (DOJ) employed 33.1% of all officers, followed by other executive branch agencies (12.3%), the judicial branch (4.0%), the independent agencies (3.6%) and the legislative branch (1.5%).Within the legislative branch, the U.S. Capitol Police (USCP) employed 1,637 officers to provide police services for the U.S. Capitol grounds and buildings. With full law enforcement authority in the area immediately surrounding the Capitol complex, the USCP is the largest federal law enforcement agency operating wholly within the nations capital.The largest employer of federal officers outside of the executive branch was the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts (AOUSC). The AOUSC employed 4,696 probation officers with arrest and firearm authority in its Federal Corrections and Supervision Division in 2008. The Not-So-Obvious Federal Law Enforcement Agencies In 2008, another 16 federal agencies not so typically associated with police powers employed fewer than 250 full-time personnel with firearm and arrest authority. These included: Bureau of Engraving and Printing (207 officers)Environmental Protection Agency (202)Food and Drug Administration (183)National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (149)Tennessee Valley Authority (145)Federal Reserve Board (141)U.S. Supreme Court (139)Bureau of Industry and Security (103)National Institutes of Health (94)Library of Congress (85)*Federal Emergency Management Agency (84)National Aeronautics and Space Administration (62)Government Printing Office (41)National Institute of Standards Technology (28)Smithsonian National Zoological Park (26)Bureau of Reclamation (21) * The Library of Congress Police ceased operation in 2009 when its duties were assumed by the U.S. Capitol Police.Most of the officers employed by these agencies are assigned to provide security and protective services at the agencys buildings and grounds. Officers employed by the Federal Reserve Board of Governors provide security and protective services only at the Boards Washington, D.C. headquarters. Officers serving at the various Federal Reserve banks and branches are hired by the individual banks and were not counted in the Census of Federal Law Enforcement Officers. And the Inspectors General Finally, 33 of the 69 federal Offices of Inspectors General (OIG), including the Department of Educations OIG, employed a total of 3,501 criminal investigators with firearms and arrest authority in 2008. These 33 Offices of Inspectors General represent all 15 Cabinet-level departments, as well as 18 other federal agencies, boards and commissions.Among other duties, officers of the Offices of Inspectors General often investigate cases of improper, wasteful or illegal activities, including theft, fraud and wrongful use of public funds.For example, OIG officers recently investigated the General Services Administrations outrageous $800,000 team-building meeting in Las Vegas, and a series of scams being perpetrated against Social Security recipients. Are These Officers Trained? Along with training they may have received in the military or other law enforcement agencies, most federal law enforcement officers are required to complete training at one of the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) facilities. In addition to training in basic to advanced law enforcement, criminology, and tactical driving, FLETCs Firearms Division provides intensive training in the safe handling and justifiable use of firearms.

Risk Management Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Risk Management Plan - Essay Example Another area of concern is research and development process. There are of course many problems, for example, the project may soon be made obsolete by technical developments, or a change in taste by consumers or a competitors new ideas; the policy of the company could also change. Vast amounts of money may be spent on research and development but the projects can be later cancelled. This problem is closely connected with funding and lack of resources on further R & D (Marrison 2002). Staff changes can threaten the project and lead to information disclosure and lack of security issues. Staff is the key to all security measures and is the most vulnera ­ble aspect of IT security issues. Most frauds require an operative in another organization or collusion with existing employees. Segregation of staff duties and accurate documentation of programs is essential. The strict control of operations is vital, especially where satellite devices are connected to a central processor, allowing easy access to information. Physical plant security issues are connected with bomb threat, breaching of security barriers and lack of control and monitoring facilities (Frame 2002). As the needs of the orga ­nization change, managers can contract with external vendors to perform specialized services that the organization cannot perform internally. Still, in come cases vendors can deliver low quality spare parts and raw materials which create a risk for the project and schedule. It is important for the project management to agree all deliveries and specifications with vendors in order to avoid delays faults issues and delays. Suppliers should continually monitor product requirements, factory scheduling, and commitments of their customers against their own schedule to ensure that enough in ­ventory will be available. Once these systems are in place

Abolition of Capital Punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Abolition of Capital Punishment - Essay Example On the other side are those that the first side calls the "abolitionists", people like this writer who are against capital punishment and who want it abolished. This paper explains the reasons why capital punishment must be abolished, analyzing and explaining the opposing views in the hopes that such a position is objective, reasonably justified and supported.Undoubtedly, the question as to whether it is right and just to take away the life of a human being, no matter how wretched or criminal, is an issue that contains a high degree of intellectual and emotional content. This is an issue that affects us all, and the materials available on the topic are charged with a load of subjectivity, unavoidable because individual and collective perceptions differ on several key points of the issue, and concepts such as "justice", "punishment", "heinous", and "crime", just for starters, admit varying degrees of propriety. Take, for example, the term "just punishment". Who determines what is just, and when is a punishment just Why is it a just punishment to sentence to death a serial killer found guilty of murdering a dozen victims, compared to the "just punishment" of a politician who sent tens of thousands of soldiers to die in a "useless" war (think thirty-plus years ago) by not getting re-elected to another term While one might say that serial murder is an unjust crime and that fighting a just war is not, the fact that legal concepts resting on a foundation of laws created by men (and women) allows a flexibility of interpretation that strikes at the core of our discussion. Doubts about the shaky foundations on which an argument (or a part of it) rests should at the least lead one to conclude with intellectual honesty that in the face of uncertainty, would it not be best to stay on the side of caution Such is the basic position of this writer given the complex nature of the issue at hand: that capital punishment must be abolished because the empirical evidence on which to establish intellectual certainty seems to be in favor of a cautious course of action. Before considering the empirical evidence such as statistics and the more commonly-known public arguments presented by either side, the most logical starting point to defend this writer's intellectual position is to define the concepts that facilitate our understanding of the issue: the value of human life, justice as a concept and a system, crime and punishment, order, and society. The core of the capital punishment issue is the value of human life. Those who support the death penalty cite it as a core of their argument for social justice to be satisfied. They argue that putting to death the person who took away a life (or many lives) would give just satisfaction to the victim, to those the victim left behind (family and friends), and also to the social order, a characteristic of society whereby justice needs to be upheld for order to be established. A corollary is that if justice is not served by a like-for-like punishment where the criminal is made to suffer the same fate (death) as the victim, society would end in chaos as people would not be deterred from committing the same crime (Anderson, 2005). The basic faults of this line of argument are the deceptive and contradictory valuation of human life, its flawed strategy for restoring and establishing social order, and a faulty view on the deterrent

CPD in Health and Safety Practitioner Roles

CPD in Health and Safety Practitioner Roles Chapter 1 Introduction On the 1st January 1993 six regulations relating to health and safety came into force in Great Britain, these six regulations would ultimately have a major impact on how safety is managed today and would significantly influence the future development of the Safety and Health profession. The regulations themselves were based on European Community Directives, designed to create a common standard of health and safety legislation across all member states. In what has become known to Safety and Health Professionals as the six-pack regulations, it included; The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992 The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 The Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992 The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1992 The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 The introduction of these regulations realised a move away from prescriptive legislation, such as the Factories Act 1961, and Railways Shops and Premises Act 1963 which had traditionally â€Å"spelt out in detail what should be done† (HSE, 2003, p.4) to a risk assessment based approach to managing safety and health in the workplace. Importantly the introduction of the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (MHSWR) required employers to â€Å"appoint one or more competent persons to assist him in undertaking the measures he needs to take to comply with the requirements and prohibitions imposed upon him by or under the relevant statutory provisions† (HMSO, 1992, p.3). Arguably the MHSWR focused many employers attention on the need to employ Safety and Health Practitioners in some capacity; this in turn heralded a period of unprecedented training and recruitment for such roles. Today the spotlight has turned to the future development of the profession, and the maintenance of individual competence through Continuing Professional Development (CPD). Aims and objectives The aim of this research document is to identify current attitudes towards the increasingly important task of Continuing Professional Development (CPD), for those employed as Safety and Health Practitioners or in professions that further the improvement of workplace safety and health standards. This may be through enforcement such as Environmental Health Officers (EHO), employed by local government or specialised roles such as Occupational Hygienists responsible for measuring workplace noise and dust exposure levels to ensure compliance with legislative standards. For clarity many but not all Safety and Health Practitioners employed to directly manage an organisations safety and health or consultants employed in this field would typically belong to professional bodies such as Institution of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH), or the International Institute of Risk and Safety Management (IIRSM). Whereas those employed as EHOs would firstly belong to the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health, with perhaps secondary membership of IOSH as they may have elected to specialise in workplace safety and health over food safety. Other specialists that may hold membership of IOSH in addition to their own professional institutes may include Occupational Hygienists (British Occupational Hygiene Society) and Occupational Health Nurse Practitioners (Association of Occupational Health Nurse Practitioners UK). Background With the role of the Safety and Health Practitioner becoming increasingly important to businesses, the profession should rightly seek to, firstly attract and retain the best calibre of recruits to its ranks! For the Safety and Health profession this hasnt always been easy. Caught in what Harrison (2009) describes as the ‘Talent Wars the profession finds itself competing amongst many others that do not have the somewhat negative associations the world of Safety and Health has developed. As a result Safety and Health management has not been the career of choice of many individuals; Kletz argued that; At one time safety was considered a suitable job for one of the less able employees. Those days have largely passed and the standard of safety professionals has improved greatly over the last 20 years but many companies still think that safety is a suitable home for those for those who have a few years to go before retirement. Kletz, 1990, p. 321 One would argue the statement made in 1990 has just as much relevance today. Kletz identified that businesses should look beyond traditional stereotypical boundaries â€Å"perhaps companies will allocate more of their best people to safety and loss prevention when they realise that the right sort of person will not just worry about hard hats and tripping hazards.†(Kletz, 1990, p.321) From the latter part of this statement one conjures up the traditional view of the safety person as being a solitary policeman type figure in the workplace. This outdated view of how Safety and Health Practitioners work still contributes to the negative image of the profession held by certain sections of the national press, a number of which have wasted little time in publicising stories that have more to do with poor or ineffective management than improving actual workplace safety and health? In possibly the most widely carried story; the BBC including many national newspapers reported â€Å"a head teacher has bought safety goggles for his pupils to wear when they play conkers in the playground† (BBC, 2004, p.1). Although the decision to purchase the goggles was taken by the schools headmaster, when it came to reporting the story it became another example of health and safety gone mad! The press on this occasion preferring not to question the lack of any professional advice available to the Headmaster and how he came to his decision in its absence! In return should there be any surprise that the media is held in low esteem by Safety and Health professionals? In a recent reader survey in Health and Safety at Work magazine Safety and Health Practitioners were unanimous in their opinion both the media and risk averse decision makers were responsible for the professions poor image; Table 1 :Whos most to blame for health and safetys poor public image? 1. The media 44% 2. The HSE 2% 3. The safety profession 7% 4. Risk-averse decision-makers 47% HSW, 2008 If the profession is to break this cycle of negative public portrayal one would argue the modern day workplace requires an equally modern and professional Safety and Health Practitioner. One who is not only an expert in his or her field, but also possessing the traits of a diplomat, as well as a management and compliance systems specialist? The development of the modern day safety and health practitioner The introduction of the ‘six pack regulations in 1993 heralded an increase in the need for businesses to either employ dedicated or have access to professionals able to assist management in meeting their Safety and Health responsibilities. Since 1993 recruitment to the profession has been drawn from a vast mix of disciplines, including construction trades such as scaffolders and electricians; production staff and administrators to name just a few. Such a large influx resulted in an increasing the need for initial training and ultimately CPD courses to meet the developing needs of Safety and Health Practitioners. For those first entering the profession a wide range of qualifications currently exist, including the ever popular National Examination Board for Occupational Safety, National General Certificate, promoted by NEBOSH as a first step towards a career in health and safety, accepted by the Institution of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH) â€Å"in meeting the academic requirements for Technician Membership of IOSH† (Tech IOSH) (NEBOSH, 2009, p.2), and National Vocational Qualifications at levels 3 to 5. Further courses such as the NEBOSH Construction Certificate and Diploma are also on offer to prospective candidates and are held in high regard by employers. In addition training providers such as the British Safety Council have for a number of years offered their own awards including a level 6 Diploma award. Many have entered the profession because of transferable skills in areas such as engineering, which may be employed in the many technical aspects of the profession; such as machinery guarding design. However such routes into the profession do not exclude individuals from attaining accredited safety qualifications which are seen as the building blocks for future development. It is important to recognise that such courses provide initial development for individuals either in the early stages of their career or for those wishing to advance their careers. However the increasing drive for professionalism, new legislation technology and increasing movement of Safety and Health Practitioners between different sectors of the economy, has given CPD a critical role in maintaining competence throughout an individuals career. To attract new talent and support professional development opportunities there has been a veritable explosion in the variety and availability of courses accredited by IOSH in safety and health management. Higher education establishments across the United Kingdom increasingly offer courses including; Glamorgan University MSc Safety, Health and Environment Management University of Wales Institute Cardiff MSc Occupational Health and Safety Greenwich University BSc Occupational Safety, Health and Environment For those entering higher education or wishing to pursue a post-graduate degree course the profession has become an increasingly popular choice. It would however be unfair to focus solely on the university sector for the increasing availability of courses. Course providers registered with the National Examination Board for Occupational Safety and Health (NEBOSH) â€Å"now number 400 course providers across 80 countries† (NEBOSH, 2009, p.2). Similarly IOSH Course providers number over 300 globally who cover a wider range of industries such as construction, healthcare and public and service sectors. They include a diverse range of organisations including further education colleges, and large and small consultancies that have developed in response to increasing demand from businesses. More specialist organisations allied to specific industries, such as the UKs Mines Rescue Service, and local authority Fire and Rescue services have increasingly brought their specialist expertise and training skills to the wider marketplace to deliver either NEBOSH accredited courses or general fire and safety awareness courses. In addition to accredited courses most consultancies and organisations deliver numerous short courses typically of 1 or 2 day duration designed to either refresh and update knowledge or inform attendees of the latest legislative developments and their impact, which contribute towards individuals CPD. The professional safety and health practitioner The spread of industrialisation and the introduction of new technology has brought society many new professions over the last three decades, examples include social workers and information technology specialists, who are now readily accepted professionals in their own right. The challenge for the modern day Safety and Health Practitioner is to gain equal professional acceptance in the workplace and in wider society. This leads one to question our understanding of the words profession and professional in relation to the work of the Safety and Health Practitioner. As already identified poorly researched press reports have in the main presented a poor image of the profession. Secondly our image of professions are often linked with the traditional professions and professionals such as lawyers, pharmacists and accountants, who often work in small practices or partnerships in many cases readily accessible to the public through locally, based high street practices, if and when their services are required. When used the public rightly expect a quality assured service from such professionals, based on up to date knowledge, experience and ethical practices. In light of the growing need for multi-disciplined Safety and Health professionals and the requirement to demonstrate increased professionalism that expected from an organisation whose members are able to attain Chartered status, is the word clearly defined and understood by those of us who promote the concept? What is expected from a profession and professional person in the modern age? Firstly Madden and Mitchell define a profession as; A discrete body of individuals applying advances learning or scientific knowledge and expertise to provide a service to clients and bound together by a membership of a professional body which assumes responsibility for monitoring professional standards and which confers benefits and may impose sanctions on members Madden and Mitchell, 1993, p.8 One would argue this particular definition is heavily weighted to the client (customer) and the governing professional body, essentially missing out the beneficial impact that professions have upon wider society and the advancement of learning in their specific fields of expertise. A much more succinct and publicly recognisable definition of what it is to be a professional is given by McGill and Beaty who argue; The term ‘professional is associated with work which is valued highly in society. The professions lawyers, doctors, social workers, accountants- are highly trained and often highly paid members of society. In this sense the term professional is a kitemark given to those who complete a rigorous and demanding training and then continue to develop their speciality within the profession through further formal training and experience. The professions are characterized by codes of conduct which they require of their members and also a degree of individual autonomy and responsibility for their working practice. McGill and Beaty, 2001, p.184 The recognition of the importance of â€Å"further training, experience and individual autonomy† could almost have been written with the Safety and Health Practitioner in mind. Rapidly evolving health and safety legislation over the last 15-20 years coupled with advancing workplace technology, has introduced the potential for new risks to emerge in the workplace, such as stress. This has required Safety and Health Practitioners to constantly update their knowledge and skills, just as McGill and Beaty suggest. One would also add a further challenge that faces every ‘professional besides the maintenance of technical knowhow and that is maintaining the personal motivation to learn. When referring to learning in this particular context it is not based on short duration learning but the acceptance of lifelong continuous professional development. OHoule (1980) argued the need and commitment to lifelong learning was a reflection of the standing of a profession. Drucker captures the responsibility for learning and the autonomy of the professional in the following quotation; No one can motivate him(sic), he has to motivate himself. No one can direct him, he has to direct himself. Above all no one can supervise him. He is the guardian of his own standards, of his own performance and of his own objectives. He can be productive only if he is responsible for his own job. Drucker, 1973, p.47 Another key driver in the professionals quest for up to date knowledge is todays litigious society. The professional is more than ever being held accountable for his or her actions, and will find themselves increasingly questioned on the validity of the advice they give and to demonstrate competency to practice. Watkins and Drury argued that; The shift away from trusting professionals to do their work properly because they are professionally qualified, towards accountability, has resulted in the need for effective measures of competence, skills and service. This is welcomed by true professionals since it brings with it opportunities to establish more open relationships with customers to enhance personal growth and development. Watkins and Drury, 1995, p.31 A far cry from when the word of the professional in whatever field was accepted without question. The need for Safety and Health Practitioners to develop both their knowledge and professionalism throughout their career is clear. Employers expectations of the profession are high, and rightly so. Failure to develop ones knowledge ultimately brings doubt as to individual competence to practice. This over-riding need to maintain competency demonstrates the importance of CPD for Safety and Health Practitioners, but has such importance been recognised by employers? The mix of new legislation, maintaining competence and customer expectation regarding the delivery of a quality assured service creates a heady mix of priorities in addition to everyday work activities for the Safety and Health Practitioner. Educational researchers such as Field have provided some warning of the impact on continuing professional development that legislation alone can bring; â€Å"Environmental regulations, health and safety legislation and food hygiene regulation all require training to set standards and often generate further training needs as managers and other try to keep abreast of the implication of the latest legislation† (Field, 2000, p.74). Training in this case; creating a perpetual cycle of further training in ever more detail in an attempt to improve job related knowledge. The challenge for Safety and Health Practitioner is recognising the importance of CPD to professionalism and the planning and prioritising of the right mix of learning opportuniti es that develops competence, which as Renkema (2006) argued translates into improved lifetime employability in an ever changing workplace. 2 Literature Review Meeting the challenge of continuing professional development Continuing Professional Development has now become a familiar task for professionals, a point supported by research into professional associations in the UK by the Professional Association Research Network (PARN) at Bristol University who â€Å"found that of the 162 respondents, 62% had developed a CPD policy and programme† (PARN, 2001, p.1). With such a high proportion of institutions actively involved in developing and running CPD programmes, it is important to look at some of the key drivers behind such schemes. CPD for Safety and Health Practitioners has now become a well established activity, with a scheme established as far back as 1992 (IOSH, 2008). In addition to any employer funded training CPD is actively supported by IOSH through a network of monthly branch level meetings and activities that allows members to participate in what are generally free CPD activities. The development of a CPD scheme for IOSH members was integral in the decision to award Chartered status to the profession, which from 2005 has enabled members to attain Chartered Safety and Health Practitioner status after meeting the qualifying criteria set by IOSH. Establishing a CPD scheme is only one part of the equation, ensuring ongoing active participation is another. Like many other professionals Safety and Health Practitioners are faced with numerous demands on their time from either work or their home lives, all too often CPD must be fitted in as and when allowed. Research by Dowsell et al into CPD found that; courses made heavy demands on workers free time; 48 per cent of those interviewed thought their participation in continuing professional development put a strain on their home and family lives and 10 per cent thought it was causing a serious detrimental effect.Dowsell et al conclude that for those in employment, having time to engage in professional development is extremely important. Dowsell et al, 1999. P. 23 One would argue that the difficulties identified are not unique or specific. Safety and Health Practitioners are faced with the â€Å"same pressures as other occupations when considering responses: to changes in technology and knowledge; demands for quality and accountability† (Rapkins, 1995, p.49). IOSH (2008) have long campaigned for CPD to be viewed as an everyday routine activity and not as an additional burden, such a statement could be seen as an attempt to remove some of the everyday concerns that have grown up amongst Safety and Health Practitioners on the subject. This leads one to the question what barriers exist to participation in CPD? Research by Lifelong Learning UK an independent employer led skills council found that trainers in the lifelong learning sector identified specific barriers to CPD. Participants who took part in the research were able to choose more than one option; Table 2: Perceived barriers to CPD Lifelong Learning UK, 2008, p.14 Barriers to CPD are not unique to any one sector or profession. Research by Friedman et al identified the following barriers; Time, cost, and access were the most frequently cited barriers to carrying out CPD. Clearly, time pressures at work, combined with the demands of home and family, make undertaking CPD a difficult task for many, however motivated they may be. Another barrier affecting CPD participation is that professionals are not homogenous. A range of factors such as differences in career stage, preferred learning style, individual ambition affect the likelihood of taking part in CPD. The lower likelihood of older professionals participating in CPD was mentioned because of their comfortable positions or because they regarded themselves as carrying out activities which will achieve the aims of CPD without following a formal CPD programme Friedman et al, 2001, p.6 Employers increasingly need to recognise the benefits of CPD to their businesses and are ideally positioned to offer greater support to overcome the barriers that have been identified, but how should this be achieved? Francis et al (1997) argued for CPD to be linked to longer term business planning, also stating that companies viewed CPD in the narrow confines of cost to the business without looking at longer term benefits. Research by Friedman et al (2001) supported this point and argued for a greater link with company appraisal schemes as a means to encourage participation in CPD whilst at the same time offering an organisational support framework such as time and resources to the individual. Friedmans approach is backed by research by Kingston University Hull (2006) which identified the incorporation of personal development plans into CPD as a key element in the ability of professionals to align professional development needs with those of the employer. Importantly this supposes the act of appraisal is purely centred on personal development and not as Craft (1996) argued used to determine accountability, through audit cultures and numerous regimes relating to satisfying bureaucracy rather as Sachs (2003) argued, satisfying the professional needs of the individual professional. Importantly not all academics share Freidmans approach to CPD. Millar (1991) took the view that professional themselves should carry the burden of time and cost of CPD to advance their careers, to be recouped later through higher salaries. With such divergent views, significant barriers regarding responsibility for resourcing CPD remain to be overcome. To place oneself solely in the hands of the employer to achieve the required CPD criteria invites problems, especially when training is often the first activity to be cut when the corporate purse strings tighten (Adults Learning, 2003). As a result Safety and Health Practitioners risk having CPD activities limited or even curtailed for reasons outside their control. As the profession matures there should be increasing recognition that Safety and Health professionals have to take greater responsibility for their own learning following initial qualification, just as other professions such as teaching have done have done. This may only be achieved through improved planning for and practising a range of informal or formal CPD activities. Failure to develop professional knowledge can have a serious impact upon employers and the individual professional, a point recognised by IOSH â€Å"the outcome of failing to perform at an acceptable level can be critical. It is essential to refresh, maintain and develop the skills needed for competent performance† (Harvey, 2005, p.22). To adopt the mantle of a professional in ones chosen field, then participation in CPD should be ultimately viewed as a necessity and not as an â€Å"optional extra which only the high academic professional would posses, but in fact viewed by many as a necessity and a right to practice safely and effectively† (Davies, 1997, p.5). Harris (2009) supports Daviess view in that becoming professionally qualified should not be seen as the end of learning but in fact the beginning of a career long journey. The rise of continuing professional development Research by Eraut argued that the continual development of professional knowledge is ultimately linked to â€Å"moral probity, service orientation and codes of conduct† (Eraut, 1994, p.2). Erauts comments indicate that professionalism comes at a price in terms of time and dedication. This ultimately manifests itself through the delivery of a professional service to an employer or client, where advice and guidance is based on up to date knowledge and competence to practice. However as an upside Rueschemeyer argued that there were certain benefits associated with the status of a professional; Individually and in association, collectively, the professions ‘strike a bargain with society in which they exchange competence and integrity against the trust of client and community, relative freedom from lay supervision and interference, protection against unqualified competition as well as substantial remuneration and higher social status. Rueschemeyer 1983, p.41 Rueschemeyer comments support the importance of CPD as a vital component in demonstrating to those that use our services that post qualification, the professional has continued to update his or her knowledge. Rueschemeyers comments regarding the relative freedom of the professional must be accompanied by a degree of self discipline, and willingness to participate in CPD; not just for individual benefit but for the advancement of the profession as a whole. Both established Health and Safety professionals and new entrants to the profession could be forgiven for thinking that CPD schemes are a relatively new process in the quest to maintain professional standards! However research by Friedman (2000, p.23) identified that â€Å"CPD in the UK originated in the late 1970s, but was only formally adopted and defined by professional associations from the mid-1980s†. This is supported by Lester who states that it is â€Å"only in the last ten to fifteen years of the twentieth century have professional bodies taken systematic steps to ensure their members continue their development on an ongoing basis† (Lester, 1999, p.2) In the United Kingdom such schemes may now be found across a diverse range of professions including; Nursing, Teaching, Environmental Health, Legal and Occupational Safety Health to name just a few. Common to all CPD schemes is the maintenance of professional and ethical standards set by the respective professional body thereby ensuring public confidence in both the professional and the respective institution. What has driven this apparent explosion of interest in CPD in recent years? Firstly one would argue the current rate of technological change in our society remains significant, forcing a constant revaluation of our knowledge. This particular point is supported by Zia (2004, p.1) who argues; As a result of increase in the rate of evolution of knowledge, technology and industrial organizations, it is shocking to realize that while in the sixties the knowledge acquired in engineering schools remained valid for about fifteen years, today this time span has decreased to about 3 years. That is to say the average period of renewal of engineering knowledge has reached the same duration as that of studies in a school of engineering in Europe. Zia, 2004, p.1 Secondly the recognition by professional institutions of the need to further develop themselves, and in doing so enhance not only the organisations status and that of its members; but as Weightman (1994) argued, professional institutions should also influence the broad range of competencies required to practice effectively. Safety and Health professionals are no longer able to rest on their laurels following initial qualification; and as Friedman (2000) argued, in order to provide professional and competent advice the process of learning must continue after initial training. At the core of all CPD schemes is the need for professionals to embrace the much wider concept of lifelong learning. A phrase all too often used, but what does it mean in practice? Jarvis (2008) describes it as a number of processes that ultimately delivers a continually changing person. Kronkol (2005) viewed CPD as a structured approach to lifelong learning, arguably more comprehensive which involves greater self reflection and critical thinking, which leads one to question if they are one of the same. Some may even view it negatively as the latest in a long line of politically driven statements relating to education (Biesta., 2004). Cropley (1979) argued there were two distinct approaches to lifelong learning: minimalist and maximalist. â€Å"The minimalist approach equates with in service, recurrent formal education and training in what Attewell et al (2005) describes as achieving certificated training. The maximalist approach views it as involving â€Å"a fundamental transforma tion of society as a whole so that society becomes a learning resource† (Cropley, 1979, p.5). Research into lifelong learning by Smith et al supports Cropleys work in that it identifies the almost limitless boundaries for learning and promote the concept that it should include both informal and formal learning. Based on Cropleys comments the current status of lifelong learning in connection with CPD remains somewhat narrowly focused towards the minimalist approach, centred on formal training. One would argue this narrows the professionals view of what might constitute CPD, and creates a dependency culture where CPD should be provided to the professional, usually by the employer, based on narrow concept of traditionally run classroom based learning. Whereas the maximalist view requires the professional to look much more broadly as to where learning opportunities may come from, and seeking out a greater mix of experiential learning opportunities as opposed to the narrowly focused academic or classroom based route to learning. In support of Smith et al, Longworth (2003, p.12) argued that lifelong learning is a much wider concept â€Å"learning means giving ownership of learning to the learner him or herself and not the teacher a